Plastic Waste free essay sample

The current examination researches the likely utilization of waste plastic as a modifier for black-top cement and concrete solid asphalt. Plastic waste, comprising of convey sacks, cups and so on can be utilized as a covering over total and this covered stone can be utilized for street development. Various proportions of plastic, for example, Polypropylene (PP), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) by weight of black-top were mixed with 80/100 clearing grade black-top. Unmodified and altered black-top fasteners were exposed to rheological test. The presentation tests including, Marshall Stability, loss of steadiness tests were led utilizing plastic covered totals and polymer adjusted bitumen on HMA blends. Work has been finished by utilizing plastic covered totals in concrete solid asphalts. The outcomes indicated better qualities for black-top cement. This is an eco-accommodating procedure. Catchphrases squander polymer, Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), plastic covered totals, polymer changed bitumen, Marshall Stability, M20 plain concrete cement. We will compose a custom exposition test on Plastic Waste or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page One of the principle segments of hot blend black-top (HMA) is black-top concrete fastener. Black-top is utilized principally development of streets and as a significant segment in roofing materials because of its exceptional authoritative and waterproofing properties. The conduct of black-top concrete in administration is administered by their underlying building properties just as by the mechanical and natural conditions to which they are oppressed. The consistent increment in high rush hour gridlock force as far as business vehicles, the expansion in over stacking of trucks and the critical variety in every day and occasional temperature request improved street qualities. Under these circumstances, it is fundamental to alter the black-top concrete utilizing modifiers to improve its designing properties. Then again, the ecological issue, for example, removal of waste plastic is significant concern. To defeat the issues the modifiers (squander plastic) are utilized. Among different sorts of modifiers, polymers are likely the most encouraging. In spite of the enormous number of polymeric items, moderately few are reasonable for change of black-top concrete and are perfect with black-top concrete. Polymers utilized for black-top alteration can be gathered into three fundamental classifications: thermoplastic elastomers, plastomers, and receptive polymers. Thermoplastic elastomers are clearly ready to present great versatile properties on the changed folio; while plastomers and receptive polymers are added to improve unbending nature and decrease disfigurements under burden [1]. Coming up next are a portion of the instances of polymers. ? SBS (outspread and straight) †great exhaustion opposition, high drag rate, however oxidation weakness. There was a significant increment in Marshall Stability estimation of the BC blend, in the request for a few times higher incentive in correlation with the untreated or customary bitumen. Polyethylene which has a place with plastomer offers inflexibility to the folio and diminishes the distortion under burden. The effect of this is progressively significant when the centralization of polyethylene was kept underneath 1% by weight of the base bitumen. Anyway the current examination researches about the utilization of waste plastic as covering over totals and as a modifier in bitumen.

Mothers Day Quotes - What Writers Say About Mothers

Moms Day Quotes - What Writers Say About Mothers What do the journalists need to state about Mothers Day? From Edgar Allan Poe to Washington Irving, read what well known authors have expounded on their moms. Authors Quotes The core of a mother is a profound pit at the base of which you will consistently discover absolution. - Honore de Balzac (1799-1850) Youth blurs; love hangs, the leaves of kinship fall; A moms mystery trust outlasts them all. - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) The genuine religion of the world originates from ladies significantly more than from men - from moms a large portion of all, who convey the key of our spirits in their chests. - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) Where we love is homehome that our feet may leave, yet not our hearts. - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) A mother is the most genuine companion we have, when preliminaries, overwhelming and unexpected, fall upon us; when difficulty replaces success; when companions who celebrate with us in our daylight, desert us when inconveniences thicken around us, despite everything will she stick to us, and attempt by her caring statutes and guidance to scatter the billows of murkiness, and cause harmony to come back to our souls. - Washington Irving (1783-1859) Whatever else is uncertain in this smelling dunghill of a world a moms love isn't. - James Joyce (1881-1941) Leave us alone thankful to individuals who satisfy us, they are the beguiling planters who make our spirits bloom. - Marcel Proust (1871-1922) Mother is the name for God in the lips and hearts of little kids. - William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) All ladies become like their moms. That is their catastrophe. No man does. That is his. - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895 How have moms impact the lives of scholars? How have ladies scholars adjusted the requests of parenthood with the need to compose? What's more, what have writers expounded on their moms? Praise moms in writing! Moms in LiteratureTo My Mother - Edgar Allan PoeMother o Mine - Rudyard KiplingMother and Babe - Walt WhitmanMothers Day Proclamation - Julia Ward HoweAh, Woe is Me, My Mother Dear - Robert BurnsLittle Women - Louisa May AlcottEmilys Motherâ -Emily Dickinson

How it portrays the human condition Essay

 In the time it’s set of 1801, social classes were arife inside the nation. It was ordinariness to wed somebody inside a similar class, and was disapproved of to do anything unique. The significance of class is obvious when Cathy says: ‘if the underhanded man had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldn’t have thought it [not to wed him]’. This means how in this bit of writing Heathcliff is opressed by the unbending class framework, and turns into a casualty in how class is the very thing that forestalls Cathy and Heathcliff wedding. The reality Heathcliff is told each day how useless he is and that he is so fortunate to be in ‘a OK house’ incites his despise towards the partition of their general public into classes. As of the way Hindley treated him like a worker and debasing him, Heathcliff shows unadulterated contempt towards him. He additionally uncovered this rotten way towards the Linton’s, whom in time changed Catherine, in an approach to accept she was excessively useful for Heathcliff. We are first made mindful of how much class is going to influence Heathcliff’s and Cathy’s love for one another when Catherine is assaulted by hounds, in which the accuse lies upon Heathcliff. The Linton’s at that point portray him as: ‘a mischievous boy†¦ very unfit for a not too bad house. ‘ Although it is barely disapproved of to wed somebody from an alternate class in today’s society, this novel stays important on the human condition by the way that it depicts how somebody will do genuinely anything in their capacity to be with the individual they love with, which is obviously appeared by Heathcliff. The reality he has been set in a lower class separates how Cathy gives her adoration towards him, compelling Heathcliff to attempt to better himself. This even outcomes in Heathcliff endeavoring to make Cathy frantic with envy, by wedding Isabella. In his quest for Cathy’s love, he figures out how to annihilate surrounding him, influencing his own self. This implies Bronti could even be supporting the maintaining of these regular qualities. At first the appropriate response would appear to be no, as the peruser feels for Heathcliff; the vagabond persecuted by an inflexible class framework and continually alluded to as ‘imp’ or ‘fiend’. Yet, as Heathcliff seeks after his retribution and abuse of the guiltless, the threat presented by him to the network gets obvious. Like different books of the 1830s and 40s, Wuthering Heights may truly propose the need of protecting conventional ways; to forestall threat to the world that is maybe even pointless, on the grounds that battling for this reason still won’t get you what you need. This causes us see regardless of whether we realize that at last we can't get what we need, we will even now battle for it as well as can be expected; some portion of the human condition. Cathy is so instigated by this arrangement of class, she considers class some portion of the motivation to wed somebody or motivation to cherish. Cathy considers Edgar a method for hoisting her situation in the network, which can be seen when she’s conversing with Nelly (and I will jump at the chance to be the best lady of the area). Since Cathy is so intrigued by society, it goes to a point where it undermines her adoration for her own ‘family’. This is clear to her relationship with Nelly; before Cathy was enticed by this thought of high-society, she viewed Nelly as similarly as significant as her own mom. Despite the fact that now, Cathy treats Nelly with affront, and even assaults her, a lot to Nelly’s outrage: ‘O, Miss, that’s a terrible stunt! You reserve no option to nip me, and I’m not going to hold up under it’. This is significant in light of the fact that this speaks to the human condition such that we would all be able to be profoundly impacted by something to hurt the ones we love. By a scope of gadgets, Bronti shows how each character is propelled. All through the novel we perceive how human inspiration energizes an immense change in Cathy. Toward the start of the novel Bronti depicts her as a substance, free, family-orientated young lady. For representation, the novel says Cathy ‘was scarcely six years of age, yet she could ride any pony in the stable’. This demonstrates Cathy was not yet impacted to be elegant or prosperous, was as yet a related soul. She is as yet depicted as this wild little youngster, until where Heathcliff and she are keeping an eye on Thrushcross Grange, and are assaulted by hounds. At the point when they are found by the Lintons, Heathcliff is just sent away regarded as ‘a devilish boy†¦ very unfit for a better than average house’. Be that as it may, Cathy is welcomed into the house, and the Lintons show her an entirely different lifestyle, in light of her new idea of class, and once more feeling of behavior. The peruser is informed that her residual family have seen her new self, particularly Nelly: ‘there lit from an attractive dark horse an honorable person’. The reality Nelly analyzes Cathy’s change to a pony connects in with her affection for riding ponies, as demonstrated prior in the novel. Presently this change has happened, we currently perceive how Cathy isn't just propelled by affection and fun as she was with Heathcliff, yet by progressively shallow things maybe, for example, riches and appearance. She is demonstrated to be persuaded by riches when she talks about Edgar with Nelly (‘and he will be rich’). She in reality discusses Edgar so that she merits this riches and life of high society. You can perceive how she’s persuaded in a shallow manner when she says to Heathcliff: ‘if you wash your face, and brush your hair, it will be okay. Be that as it may, you are so filthy! ‘ This shows now, after these recently discovered inspirations, Heathcliff needs to change how he is to gain to Cathy’s needs, and so as to be adored by Cathy. Then again, Heathcliff is driven by one thing just; his carnal and unadulterated love for Cathy. Despite the fact that he is persuaded by affection, different things suppress this inspiration, for example, weakness. Heathcliff is envious of what she finds in Edgar, and attempts to reveal to Cathy he adores her, without progress. He is near proclaiming his affection for her when they’re contending, and he says: ‘the crosses are for the nights you have gone through with the Lintons, the spots for those went through with me†¦ to show that I do care’. Fuelled by his affection for Cathy, and how is world is fixated absolutely on her activities, Heathcliff does some resentful things, denouncing him as a gothic character. For instance, he weds Isabella absolutely to initiate envy inside Catherine. The tale shows how Heathcliff feels that on the off chance that Cathy had not become a woman of behavior with new inspirations, at that point they could never have been isolated. This can be seen when he says: ‘Because hopelessness, and corruption, and passing, and nothing that God or Satan could cause would have separated us’. With the human condition being referred to, this is significant in light of the fact that it shows how people can feel scorn not towards an individual precisely, yet towards the activities and changes that happen in that individual. In the novel we are additionally appeared by Bronti how certain conditions like misfortune and envy can transform somebody, and their state of humankind. After his significant other kicks the bucket, Hindley’s character changes drastically. Prior to this misfortune, he cherished his family beyond a reasonable doubt, and was content with his life. Nonetheless, after her passing, Hindley is curbed into a universe of liquor abuse and wrath, to where he imperils the lives of his friends and family. This is demonstrated when Hindley ‘carried him [his own son] upstairs and lifted him over the banister’ and really drops him. Hindley is likewise influenced by desire. Since his supportive sibling, Heathcliff, was supported by his dad, he needed to suffer being shadowed by Heathcliff the entirety of his youth, until his dad kicked the bucket. Thinking about this, Hindley grew up to despise Heathcliff, and in the long run wrecked Heathcliff, utilizing him as a hireling, putting him in a lower class. In this way, Hindley in a roundabout way destroyed Heathcliff’s odds of acquiring Cathy’s turn in marriage. Taking everything into account, I feel that the novel by Emily Bronti encourages us to comprehend the human condition such that no other novel does. Her remarkable method for indicating love inside the novel implied that she didn’t simply show the underlying fascination of affection, yet how it can degenerate one’s different sentiments and musings. Bronti ‘s utilization of language inside the novel shows the feelings and inspirations of the characters effectively, and gives an extraordinary feeling of the truth of the human condition to the novel. Accordingly, Bronti will stay perhaps the best author to of lived, and her books will, and as of now, stay as significant and as significant as they did in the nineteenth century.â Laura Pearson Show see just The above review is unformatted content This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous segment.

Who Else Is Lying to Us About Concluding Statement?

Who Else Is Lying to Us About Concluding Statement? Do not neglect to mention names of men and women who have contributed to the success of the function. You're taking your audience from one location to another. You make a point, expand on such a point and after that summarise that point now that people have the new information you've given them. Violent shows and movies have a negative effect on the mental health of a normal child, they need to forbid including any kind of violence in the television for the youngest audience. Understanding Concluding Statement Select one social issue and describe where you could start to generate a difference locally. Nobody could hire a productive lawyer for less than $500, or find a productive defense, Stephens explained. A closing statement, though, can be applied in many ways. It must be persuasive, because it is delivered by one who supports a particular side of an argument. A conclusion statement is a significant portion of any bit of writing. A concluding sentence may be used to provide a summary of the key points of the paragraph. A concluding sentence ought to be an overview of the preceding discussion, not incorporate any new info. Writing a concluding sentence can be more challenging than you understand. Writing a great thesis statement involves following the important qualities of a fantastic thesis. Writing a concluding sentence may not arrive as easily because you may think. You must also learn where and how to begin a conclusion for an essay. Writing an essay conclusion might appear an obvious and quick step in the whole essay writing task. What Is So Fascinating About Concluding Statement? It's not surprising then that the rise and development of typographic theory for a subject was led by academics in humanity departments. Four, you would like to prepare an introduction. A number of the recommendations about the token economics have been more troublesome to accept due to our regulatory circumstance. Individual contexts will need to be taken into account for instance, providing both nursing homes and at-home carers. IMF staff analysis suggests that product markets ought to be reformed first seeing as they can deliver the maximum growth gains with significant price bene fits for consumers. To begin with, the effect of IFRS9 standards on banks' investment portfolio needs to be completed. At exactly the same time, it'll be important to get the government's medium-term fiscal targets in order to rebuild room for fiscal maneuver that may be utilised in future downturns. The further investment needed to effectively prevent STDs could possibly be considerable, but it's negligible in comparison with the probable return on the investment. In the event the fact you would like to enhance your conclusion is of such a nature, then you can either add a modest meaningful phrase and cite the source to the entire text being cited so the reader may read the entire text if he or she wishes to or simply state your idea was supported by somebody else and cite the source in brackets. The ability of persuasion and the capacity to deliver a convincing statement is a highly desired and highly effective skill. You've read a case of the potent argument. The widely kno wn trolley problem demonstrates morality for a gradient of values, instead of a binary circumstance. The kind of concluding paragraph will be contingent on the assignment. A closing statement often proves to be absolutely the most dramatic or memorable portion of the legal practice. The conclusions section of a report is just one of the most crucial pieces and, alongside the introduction, among the last to be written. Whatever it's that you've been explaining in the human body and introduction, you should restate all that briefly. Concluding Statement - Overview The key goals are to produce the site appear easy and uncluttered and to deliver information our readers will enjoy and appreciate. A lot of them face writer's block initially. There's a need to develop and deliver layouts which are easy on the eyes and make people wish to keep reading and keep engaged. Failing to realize that it's utilised to close the last thoughts on a subject is a typical mistake many writers m ake. You are able to create a paragraph that will summarize the full essay for those readers. You will need to give your reader the last comment about the whole topic you've been discussing. Speaking of narrative essays, you want to stay in mind that you're telling a story. Conclusion statements have to be written in such a manner they deliver the principal message of the content to the reader. The Fundamentals of Concluding Statement Revealed Continue the conclusion by indicating that you want to be interviewed. There are three sorts of irony. The variability of effects made by genetic changes makes it challenging to conduct an exhaustive evaluation of advantages and dangers. A change in the plan of policies is necessary to lower the chance of some other boom-bust scenario. The conclusion isn't where to add new material. The principal idea should stay exactly the same during the whole paper. You must also restate the thesis and bring your primary concept to the stage. On the bright side, you always have the option to find an entire selection of essay conclusion examples online.

Where the Gold Rush Happened - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 355 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Gold Rush Essay Did you like this example? Introduction   Ã‚   Have you   ever wondered who found the first peace of gold in the gold rush? These topics are going to teach you about where the gold rush happened, about getting rich in the gold rush, and about the forty niners.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Where It Happened   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a small town called Sutters mill, California 300,000 people arrived to hunt for gold.The gold rush started in january 24, 1848 and ended in 1855.It also happened in sierra nevada.To get there many people traveled in wagons or horse across the oregon trail also some traveled by ship,some traveled from the tip of south America,it was a very dangerous journey to the gold rush. The majority of the people who came to the gold rush came from England,Ireland,America,China,and Germany. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Where the Gold Rush Happened" essay for you Create order Getting Rich   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   James w. Marshall was the first person to find gold in the gold rush.At first he kept it a secret when people found out that is what started the gold rush.During the gold rush gold seekers stayed in mini camps.That all happened in 1848-1855. Thousands of people got rich during the gold rush. All the thousands of people that got rich in all found 750,000 pounds of gold. So many people got rich the food got expensive it started out cheep the the more and more people got rich the price went up. Forty Niners   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The forty came from all over the   world. The forty niners are a group of pioneers from Eastern united states. They are called the forty niners because they left their homes to go to the gold rush in california in 1849. The forty niners are very important to the gold rush because most of the people in the gold rush is the forty niners.  Ã‚   Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The topics of where the gold rush happened, about getting rich in the gold rush, and about the forty niners are included in the gold rush, and the gold rush is a very important event in history because the gold helped speed up the admission of California into the US as a state. With this information pace it with at least one person.

Vaccinations Persuasive Speech - 1785 Words

I know vaccinations are there for herd immunity. I know they prevent diseases and on and on and on. But I really don’t want my kid to get them. Now before you say anything, I’m a research scientist, MD, a microbiologist, I published in Nature, I gave a Ted talk, all those external validations in life, I’ve accumulated them. Please don’t bug me. Really, my kid will be just fine. P Alright, but then you must understand that vaccines offer such a huge benefit at the cost of one hour of your time? Not only is an unvaccinated child vulnerable to diseases such as mumps and pertussis, but, especially now, this time of year with the flu and all, your daughter could very easily develop severe complications to even the common cold. Vaccines, just†¦show more content†¦RP But this is my child! This isn’t some brain structure somebody stains and then goes oh and ah, and oh look tdTomato worked. What if your vaccines aren’t safe! My daughter means the world to me. She’s, she’s the only living being left in my life; I don’t want to lose her. Everybody hates me, even you! Can’t you give me some time! Everything is moving too fast. I want to know things for myself. I don’t trust you people anymore, not since you took my wife off life support without my knowledge! This is my child’s life – I won’t let you take it too! Maybe you’re plotting against me. Millions have already died at your hands. Look at all these people you are slowly letting die. Is that what they train you to do now? I sacrifice mice, living creatures, mind you, to save people. I have devoted my life to saving lives of others. You! You undo what I have worked so hard to accomplish! I love my daughter, but you†¦ I’m not even sure you understand what love is. Is this jealousy or what? Why are you so intent on selling me these things? Huh! Huh! I decide here. Answer me! What have I done to make you hate me? P Why hate? I’m your friend John. Your friend. I want to help you. I’m here for you. I understand that you are going through a tough time, and as your physician and your friend I want to help. I will always support you, but I feel like right now we are talking past each other. I became a pediatrician because I love, andShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech On Vaccinations905 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, the introduction of vaccinations in societies around the world have significantly reduced the threat of deadly viruses. Despite the many benefits of immunizations, some parents refuse to vaccinate their children due to the health risks associated with them. In order to increase vaccination rates, healthcare officials have implemented immunization mandates and extreme educational sessions that exemplify the dangers of preventable viruses. However, these impositions ultimately haveRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline On Immunizations1004 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline Immunizations Specific Purpose: The specific purpose of my topic is to persuade my audience that immunizations are important and actually do more good than harm. Thesis: Immunizations are one of the most important medical advances in history. They have severely reduced the effects of dozens of viral infections and everyone should consider getting immunized. Introduction: Take a good look. These are the effects of just some of dozens of infectious diseases we are dealingRead MorePersuasive Speech : Persuasive Presentation1357 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Presentation Outline Emily Coleman COM 114 Section 700 Vaccines Specific Purpose: My specific purpose is to convince my audience that everyone should get vaccinations. Thesis Statement: Recently, the United States has seen a resurgence of many different diseases that we haven t seen in decades. Much of this problem is caused by failure to get vaccinations, and a key step to solving the issue is education. INTRODUCTION: I. Attention Getter: On January 6th, 2012, Brady Alcaide, aRead MoreDangers of Exposure to Thimerosal Mercury Essay1888 Words   |  8 Pagesprocessing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize. Children receiving regular immunizations often received doses 50 times higher than the safety guidelines for the greatest consumption of mercury leading to Persuasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), Aspergers syndrome, and Autism. Autism was first identified in the 1930’s by an Austrian psychiatrist and physician after the introduction of Thimerosal to vaccines. The prevalence ofRead MoreAnimal Testing. Persuasive Speech Outline Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesZoee Gaige-Wilson Persuasive Speech Outline I. Introduction Animals can be ferocious and wild, but they can also be gentle and tame. Some are our pets, and some are powerful forces that are to be respected and admired. It is as easy to appreciate a loyal dog as it is to be in awe of a lion in its natural habitat. But the truth that many people either don’t know or don’t appreciate is that animals are essential to human existence and have played a vital role in improving the quality of ourRead MoreHow Public Speaking Classes Improve Writing, Presentation, And Networking Skills2463 Words   |  10 Pages35. The specific purpose of a speech must provide information: a. About the direction of your thesis b. The main sub points you probably will include in your speech c. What you want the audience to take away from your speech d. About the processes you want to complete e. All the above f. None of the above 36. If you write the specific purpose: to inform the audience about how public speaking classes improve writing, presentation, and networking skills. Your speech will probably have: a. Four mainRead MoreNew World Order in Conspiracy Theory13987 Words   |  56 Pagesright-wing  opposition to the globalization of capitalism  but also in part to the basic underlying apocalyptic millenarian paradigm, which fed the  Cold War  and the  witch-hunts  of the  McCarthy period.[13] In his  11 September  1990  Toward a New World Order  speech to a joint session of the  U.S. Congress, President  George H. W. Bush  described  his objectives for post-Cold-War global governance  in cooperation with  post-Soviet states: Until now, the world we’ve known has been a world divided—a world of barbed wireRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesdefinition caught on. It has now become a correct lexical definition. Persuasive definitions are another category of definitions. Take the definition of atheist proposed by William, an acquaintance of mine: By atheist I mean a non-Christian pervert who will rot in hell. Well, the definition is not especially accurate because it doesnt reveal the way most other people use the term atheist. It’s more of biased description or persuasive definition, not a lexical one. Sometimes a definition of a termRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication 341 †¢ Nonverbal Communication 341 Organizational Communication 342 Formal Small-Group Networks 343 †¢ The Grapevine 343 †¢ Electronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Communication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ Information

Employee Productivity and Performance Management †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Employee Productivity and Performance Management. Answer: Introduction The performance of any organization is mainly dependent on the coordination of the internal structures, among which include the leadership and management structure, employee engagement, wage rates, fringe benefits to the employees, and the organizational structure as a whole. Substantial research has been conducted to evaluate the impact of employee engagement and wage rates on the workforce performance in an organization and varying results have been reported. This therefore makes it archetypally imperative to conduct a thorough research so as to establish the basic facts of how wage rates and employee engagement affect workforce performance as well as organizational performance of a company or an organization. The study will therefore make use of relevant literatures to conduct a critical analysis and make comparisons of the results (Anitha, 2014, p.308) Effectively managing an organization while ensuring worthwhile performance is a substantial issue to understand. The performance of employees in an organization is one of the main drives towards the success of an organization. On the other hand, wage rates and workforce engagements have direct influence on employee performance. It therefore makes understanding the relationship a vital topic for research The research study is intended to ascertain the relationship that exist in employee engagement, wage rates, and labor force performance in organizations. As of various research reports, there is divergence in the findings and the research is therefore intended to ascertain the most reliable variable in determining the organizational performance in relation to employee engagement and wage rates in an organization (Lu et al., 2016, p.750). The research will also help organizations in identifying strategic opportunities for maximization of production. With ability to predict the relationship between the employee performance and wage rates, organizations can be able to provide an enumerating atmosphere to ensure the maximum output is attained from the employees. Furthermore, the research aims at improving retention rate of employees by understanding the facts of how the engagement and wage rates motivate the worker performance and expectations (Shields, 2015). This is because, according to research, having high retention rate in an organization implies high level of efficiency due to the fact that the workers are comfortably working in a particular field, doing the something over and again and subsequently, the employees gain more experience (Barrick et al., 2015, p.112). The study will make use of qualitative research method. Review of many relevant literatures will be conducted to ascertain the required information. Furthermore, the research will also make use information collected from advocacy groups, the government reports, and reputable organizational reports (Mone, London, 2018).. With the aim of having the most reliable and dependable reports, the review will make use of latest literature. Findings will be tallied to establish the correlation. To find the most reliable and dependable data, the study will make use of literature in Google scholar. In selecting the literature, key words will be used related to the research topic and only literature not later than eight year will be used. This is intended to bring out a report that satisfies the current organizational needs. Refereces Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management,63(3), 308. Barrick, M. R., Thurgood, G. R., Smith, T. A., Courtright, S. H. (2015). Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance.Academy of Management journal,58(1), 111-135. Lu, L., Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., Neale, N. R. (2016). Work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions: A comparison between supervisors and line-level employees.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(4), 737-761. Mone, E. M., London, M. (2018).Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press.

Comparison between the serpent in the Old Testament and the one in Gilgamesh

The Gift of Love †Creative Writing Essay

The Gift of Love – Creative Writing Essay Free Online Research Papers The Gift of Love Creative Writing Essay The feeling has been known since the beginning of time, and the warning signs have most likely never evolved. They include the heart rising to the throat, inability to catch one’s breath, blood rushing to the cheeks, and the sudden loss of any linguistic capabilities. Yet these are fleeting symptoms, so they cannot really indicate if one is experiencing a visit from that mysterious and elusive character named romantic love. As powerful as the physical onslaught of lust appears, true love is a phenomena that requires the use of one’s time, thought and energy. To love is to unselfishly be faithful to one’s own feelings for another individual. Loving is not seeking personal gain, but hoping to better the life of the other person by becoming a part of it. Love is severely complex because it requires those who seek it to give up a part of themselves to another, without regard to the personal risks that they are taking through this action. It is this type of dangerous but true love that is exhibited in Camus’ Black Orpheus (1958), which is based on the famous myth of two lovers. In this film, a true and profound love is demonstrated by Orpheus and Eurydice because of these characters’ unselfish motives and commitment to their emotions. From the beginning of the movie, Orpheus’ history of love proves him to be a philanderer who has never been serious about a woman, and who does not know how to love truly. He has recently become engaged to Mira, the biggest flirt in town, and this is not a poor match. Orpheus himself is a flatterer and a flirt who constructs enchanting phrases when he composes his famous music. His tendency to charm comes across in the scene where he first encounters Eurydice at the trolley station. He playfully inquires where she is off to and flatters her appearance. Because Orpheus has had such experience with women and relationships, one would not expect him to be able to settle down and have a woman suppress his philandering manner. Evidently, Orpheus’ fiancà © has not tamed him, as he tries to flirt with Eurydice when he meets her. The way Orpheus reacts to love can be interpreted as selfish. His meddles with women for the sake of his own amusement, not because he has a de ep appreciation of them. His generosity towards Mira does not surpass a display of mild passions for her. There is no evidence of his ability to give more to a woman than his poetic but empty words. When Eurydice rejects the charming words of Orpheus, she demonstrates her ability to see through his external act and appreciate his true identity. Orpheus and Eurydice meet again, and this time they are alone. Orpheus tries once more to charm her, and she claims that it is not his words that she noticed about him, but his tune. She knows that his words are delightful but deceptive, and she is able to see the man who is behind the words. Eurydice perceives Orpheus not as a charmer with a captivating and quick tongue, but as a man whose beautiful music extends from a brilliant soul. Eurydice proves to be both an open minded and unselfish lover when she refuses to let Orpheus use his charms on her. In the quote previously mentioned, Eurydice reveals both her ability to see Orpheus for who he really is, and also her unwillingness to receive anything less than the real man. Accepting Orpheus’ flattery would be to relinquish hopes of truly understanding who he was, because it would mean that she didn’t believe that there was anything under the words. It would also show selfishness. Accepting his empty compliments would demonstrate a desire for him to affirm her pleasant qualities. Eurydice rejects flattery because she knows her love to be deeper. She is true to the emotions which do not allow her to be a self seeker, but force her to be willing to risk giving in to her strong feelings. The generosity that Orpheus displays once he realizes the intensity of his feelings demonstrates the truth of his and Eurydice’s love. It is her straight forward attitude and ability to see through him that makes him recognize her uniqueness. He quickly becomes aware of his love for her after he sees that she is serious about him, and now he can think of nothing but her protection. He brings her to his house at night because he wants to be assured of her safety, and he does not make even the slightest sexual advances. This is where his willingness to give of himself for her is demonstrated. His constant concern shifts from his own desires to those of Eurydice. No longer does he try to extract what he wants from the relationship, because his thoughts are more pure. Orpheus and Eurydice are true lovers because there is no force that can interrupt their commitment. A physical illustration of how deeply Orpheus has loved Eurydice is shown at the end of the film, when Orpheus transports Eurydice’s dead body from the morgue back up the hillside. Eurydice is dead and can no longer give her love to Orpheus, yet even death cannot stop him from caring for her. He watches over the lifeless body and guards it vigilantly, and soon he dies with it in his arms. It is clear that this love is unconditional, because death cannot restrain it. The truest love cannot have boundaries, because that would mean that the lovers have abandoned their emotions. Orpheus is emotionally committed to Eurydice until his death. Both Orpheus and Eurydice show a willingness to change their lives so that they can fully support one another. There love was based on profound mutual care and sincere generosity, the same characteristics that define true love. Love is valid when it is not based on self interest, but the well being and happiness of the individuals involved. The commitment to giving is the beautiful ideal that is achieved by Orpheus and Eurydice in Black Orpheus. Research Papers on "The Gift of Love" - Creative Writing EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMind TravelThree Concepts of PsychodynamicHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey Game

Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media - Assignment Example Through Braille, the quality of life of visually impaired individuals has improved considerably (Schement,2002). In my opinion, communication is an important aspect in my life. The frequency of the use of communication devices proves that I am capable of using even the most sophisticated and modern communication devices. From the statistics, the most used device is phone. This is because it is easier to use, portable and has an excellent internet connection. I use the phone frequently in social interactions through social media and texting friends. I use the phone minimally in games because there are very few attractive games that I can access through it. The secondly most used device is the laptop. My preference for laptop is based on the fact that is can be used in doing research as proven in my high frequency use in Google search. In addition, it is fast and can be used in searching for items that require a large display. Since I do not have a strong reading culture, I don’t use laptop to read

Perspectives in Human Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Perspectives in Human - Research Paper Example I must say, I didn’t understand many principles that my family stood for, but I always tried to reason them out with a positive presumption. I was brought up amongst these ideals, and I was on my way to becoming a helf-decent Paxton myself. But things have changed a lot since my first semester in College. Growing up in the Paxton family, the first thing I was taught was to sing the glory of god and his creations. Not a day passed without my mother reading out a verse from the Bible before I went to bed. Sometimes, these verses would manifest themselves into biblical dreams. The holidays brought the entire family together and it would be a refresher course of all the family ideals. The eldest son always joined the forces. Serving the nation was a family mandate. But in a family full of ex-service men, the true heroes were the war veterans. Like Uncle Avi, who served during Vietnam. I was always convinced that My Brother Franklin would also join the marines and also doubted if h e’d ever return. The very concept of patriotism was now muddled with the hatred I had brewed towards wars and conflicts. The Paxtons also have strong preferences. We never employed Mexicans in our gardens, which meant ours’ was the dullest garden in the neighborhood. ... My family is the dearest thing to me. And I have always aspired to be the ideal Paxton. I am almost certain that for it is the most important thing to me. However, experiences that I have had this semester have completely shaken the very foundations of what I believed. This semester I learned many things. Not all of them were in line with what I always grew up learning. It can be very mind-boggling at times, when your very constitution is challenged by something new. It is like trusting someone all your life and learning one fine day, that the person was a lie. Honestly, I’d have preferred to be in that hypothetical situation than the predicament that I was in a few weeks ago. Mainly because it was my prerogative to understand, accept the latest developments and embrace change. And I have always found change to be the most uncomfortable thing. I guess the seeds were sown deep by my family. One of the things that I learnt this semester was that every human being is born with a set of rights that are inalienable. This means that we are born with some rights which cannot be taken away by anybody. Our Bill of Rights only lists these rights out. It was strange for me to believe that we always had these rights with us. Like an inherent part of our body. I always thought that people spoke, behaved and lived the way their parents did. So if I ever met a person who condemned our Country, I would think badly about his parents or family and wonder why they never disciplined him. Similarly, if someone was a homosexual, I’d wonder why his parents never sent him to the doctor. Now I have become aware that our families, societies and countries are not the reason why we choose to behave or express

Not as Easy as 1,2,3 Essay Example for Free

Not as Easy as 1,2,3 Essay People, Work Organizations- MGMT20124 Assessment 1- Report Case Study Not as Easy as 1, 2, 3 Contents Contents2 Executive Summary4 1- Introduction5 1. 1 Background to the report5 1. 2 Scope5 1. 3 Aims 6 2- Discussion7 2. 1 Organizational Justice7 2. 2 Perception errors 8 2. 3 Stress8 2. 4 Exit-Voice- loyalty ­-Neglect model8 2. 5 Team work 9 2. 6 Motivation9 3- Literature review10 3. 1 Organizational Justice10 3. 2 Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory12 3. 3 Expectancy theory14 4- Solutions and suggestions18 4. 1 Organisational Justice 18 4. 2 Stress 19 4. 3 Improving feedback process21 5- Conclusion22 References24 Executive Summary There are three purposes for this report. It attempts to indentify the problems in the case study Not as Easy as 1, 2, 3. Accordingly, it discusses about six main problems in ABC consulting firm that have negative impact on the organization effectiveness and the productivity of the objectives. These problems are; ABC consulting organization failed in implemented the organizational justice. Next one is the perception errors of Janet, the client manager and human resource director. The third problem is George was forced in the stress situation and George’s dissatisfaction about job and work behaviors which caused to the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect actions is the problem number four. The fifth is teamwork environment, processes and the last problem is ABC consulting failed to implement the motivation procedures in motivating its staffs. In addition, it also mentions about the theories which related to each problem. The second aim of this report is to explain the literature review of some theories that are related to the case study’s problems and solutions. Particularly, the organization motivation justice theory, Maslow’s hierarchy needs theory and the expectancy theory. Lastly, this report intends to discuss about the solutions and suggestions in relation to the case’s problems such as, develop consistent organizational justice system, the methods to relief stress, and implement probably feedback processes system. 1- Introduction 1. 1 Background to the report In recent years, organizational behaviors are very significant in every company which can have positive or negative impact on individuals, groups and structures within an organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organizations effectiveness. It is because there are many issues need to be considered if an organization wants to be successful in managing people, and maximize their ability and capacity. Hence, each organization needs to create a consistent system that can motivate its staffs and also try to satisfy their needs in order to improve the productivity of the objectives. One of the motivate systems is organizational justice system which provides the fairness or distributive, procedural and interactional justice in the firm. Furthermore, there are many theories discuss about the methods that can be satisfied the employees’ needs such as; Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory and expectancy motivation theory etc. For example, Khin (2010) states that many Malaysian companies’ perspectives about the affect of organizational justice on employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention. They implemented the questionnaires around 300 employees about the distributive and procedural justice in a small to medium firms and the result showed that individuals were satisfy with their jobs, had more committed to the organizations and the organizational justice also provided appropriate working environment that can potentially heaps benefits like cost associated to employees retentions, influencing positive behaviors among employees, and thus achieve effectiveness and high productivity in the organization. 1. 2 Scope The case study Not as Easy as 1, 2, 3 focuses on several problems in ABC consulting firm. George was a new consultant staff in ABC firm who was employed by ABC because he impressed ABC’s human resource director and Janet, the client manger in the interview time. They said George was exactly sort of people they are looking for and promise him will get onto bonus system after three months probation. George was assigned in a project team with Daniel, the project manager and Janet, his duty is writing the report. However, nobody guided him how to write the report or told him about the role expectations; hence he could not complete his ideas in the report probably at the first meeting between him, Daniel and Janet. George’s manager disappointed about his report, they said â€Å"we thought you were a little more extroverted†. George was stress and tried to work more hours and put more efforts but had not satisfied his manager when he emailed his report two nights before it was due. Yet, Janet ripped his report to shreds, and told him she needs something more useful. It caused George felt down and lost his motivation, he came to work late, left early and took longer break than usual. He wanted to stay in ABC because of the bonus which his manger and human resource director promise him that everyone can get it after three months. Nevertheless, at the review meeting Janet and human resource director told him that he could not get onto the bonus system because he has not performed at they expected. Consequently, George sent out job applications in that night. 1. 3 Aims The purpose of this report are threefold, these include: Identify the issues in ABC consulting firm which have negative affect to organizational behaviors. Particularly, the six main problems are; ABC consulting organization failed in implemented the organizational justice. Next one is the perception errors of Janet, the client manager and human resource director. The third problem is George was forced in the stress situation. Another issue is George’s dissatisfaction about job and work behaviors which caused to the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect actions. The fifth is teamwork environment, processes and the last problem is ABC consulting failed to implement the motivation procedures in motivating its staffs. The literature review, explain the theories which are related to the case study’s problems in order to the motivation and satisfy employees’ needs. There are three important theories include; organizational motivation justice, Maslow’s hierarchy needs theory, and expectancy theory. Finally, the author provides some solutions and suggestions for the problems in ABC consulting firm such as, develop consistent organizational justice system, the methods to relief stress, and implement probably feedback processes system. 2- Discussion The case study NOT AS EASY AS 1, 2, 3 is facing with some significant problems in the organizational behavior that could have negative affect to employees’ performances, motivation, counterproductive behavior, and organizational citizenship etc. Yet, there are several issues in this case study but the author is focusing on six particular problems in ABC Consulting organization described as follows: 2. 1 Organizational Justice The first issue in ABC consulting company is the organizational justice. Organizational justice is the study of the concerns about fairness in the workplace which includes the distribution of resources has to do with distributive justice, and the fairness of decision-making procedures has to do with procedural justice (Greenberg 1990). Furthermore, Perceptions of distributive justice is one of the reasons employees want to withdraw from the organization (Cohen-Charash ; Spector 2001). In fact, ABC consulting had failed to maintain the fairness in the workplace which included: the procedural justice, George is the new staff in ABC consulting but he did not get any instruction or support to do the first client report. Besides, the distributive justice, the human resource director said that George will be eligible to get onto the bonus system as same as everyone in the company after three months’ probation but at the end of the probation period George could not get onto this bonus system. Consequences, the failure of fairness in workplace resulted George wanted to leave ABC consulting company, he was sending out the job applications. 2. 2 Perception errors The next problem in ABC consulting company is the perception errors of human resource director and Janet who is George area manager and this error can be explained in the Halo Effect theory. The â€Å"Halo Effect† is a type of perceptual error where people perception of one personality trait influences how they view a persons entire personality (Pollock 2012). The case study pointed out clearly that the human resource director and George’s area manager Janet said he was the exactly sort of person they are looking for because of the impression of George in the interview time, but they seemed to disappointed about George after the first meeting as Janet told him â€Å"We thought you were a little more extroverted†. The perception error of Janet and human resource director has leaded to unproductive of task and George’s dissatisfaction about his job. 2. 3 Stress Another problem is George was forced in a stress situation. Stress is something or situations that are perceived as challenging or threatening to the wellbeing of an individual. These conditions may lead to poor work performance, less work productivity (Colligan et al. 2006). George definitely is facing with the stress due to Janet’s commented on him â€Å"George sensed from Janet’s commented that she was disappointed†. Hence, he had to work from 7. 00 Am to 7. 00 Pm in the office and often do extra work at home. Yet, there were not useful points of his report even in the second time, Janet said she hope George has something useful to present on Monday after she read his report. 2. 4 Exit-Voice- loyalty ­-Neglect model The fourth issue is George’s dissatisfaction about job and work behaviours which caused to the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect actions and this type of actions can be identified in exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model. EVLN is a template that identifies ways that employees respond to dissatisfaction job (Hirschman 1970). Obviously, George was not satisfied with his job. Firstly, George had emailed the report again to his manger but she had been ripped to shreds. Thus, he felt anger, resentment and was not willing to do anything more on the project unless instructed to. Additionally, he had some reflected actions to his job dissatisfaction, Such as; he wanted exit from ABC consulting firm, â€Å"he was sending out job applications† after the company rejected him to get onto the bonus system. This action showed that George had a low loyalty in ABC consulting organisation â€Å"low loyalty produced exit with job dissatisfaction†. He also engaged in counterproductive behaviours (voice), George said he would only do absolute minimum, nothing more and he did not want to continue in dazzling anyone in the organisation. In last, he had reduced work effort, paid less attention to quality and increased absenteeism and lateness (neglect). It can be illustrated that he came to work late, left earlier, and took longer break than usual. 2. 5 Team work The fifth problem, ABC consulting firm had problem in organising a teamwork environment and processes. Teamwork is the cooperative and coordinated effort on the part of two or more people who work together as a team or in the interest of a common cause, which is normally the tasks set by the company (Salas et al. 2008). Probably, Daniel the project manager and Janet the client manager know that George is new staff in the organisation but they were not helping George as a team member. They did not give instructions or even ask if George has got any problem with the report and only expected on George will finish the report more than what he has done. 2. 6 Motivation Finally, ABC consulting failed to implement the motivation procedures in motivating its staffs. Motivation is the forces within a person that impact on an individual’s direction, intensity and persistence of voluntary behaviour (McShane et al. 2013). Particularly, ABC consulting firm was not successful in motivating George. First of all, they failed to identify the ability of George and the ability can make a difference in task performance and behaviour. They thought George was a bit more extroverted, that is why George could not complete the report well as they expected. The second is competencies of George; it includes knowledge, skills, personality, and self-concept, values etc. that results in superior performance. People can realise that ABC consulting firm did not implement well in matching George’s competencies with job’s task requirements and even though they did not provide any training for George, it caused an unproductive of George performance and organisational effectiveness. Moreover, the failure of ABC consulting firm in identifying the role perception to George that means they did not help George understand the job duties assigned to or expected of him. Thus, George could not finish his report as his manager wanted. 3- Literature review The problems in the case study Not as Easy as 1, 2, 3 related with few particular theories in the organisational behaviour which includes the organisational justice theories, motivational theories and expectancy theory of motivation. 3. 1 Organizational Justice The organisational justice contains the different theories that are distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice, and they all relate to the fairness in organisations. For example, fair payment, equal opportunities for promotion between employees, and personnel selection procedures etc†¦ Distributive justice is conceptualized as the fairness associated with decision outcomes and distribution of resources. An individuals react to actions and decisions of fairness made by organizations every day, and the distributing of outcomes or resources can be tangible (e. g. , pay) or intangible (e. g. , praise). Perceptions of distributive justice can motivate staffs when outcomes are considered to be equally applied (Adams 1965). On the other hand, procedural justice is defined as the fairness of the processes that lead to outcomes. When individuals feel the process involves characteristics such as consistency, accuracy, ethicality, and lack of bias then procedural justice is enhanced or they can have a voice in the process (Leventhal 1980). Additionally, interactional justice refers to the treatment that an individual receives the explanations or news with respect as decisions are made (Bies Moag 1986). Colquitt (2001) also declares that interactional justice is divided into two components: interpersonal and informational justice. Interpersonal justice that means the respect and propriety in people behaviours, besides informational justice related to the fairness of the explanations given in terms of their timeliness, specificity, and truthfulness. Therefore, the fairness is very significant in every organisation because people attitudes and behaviours are affected by the fairness of the managers’ decisions that can impact job attitudes and work performances and behaviours. Furthermore, Perceptions of justice can also impact many key organizational outcomes such as motivation (Latham Pinder 2005) and job satisfaction (Al-Zu’bi 2010). There are some common outcomes affected by organizational justice include trust, performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviours, counterproductive work behaviours, and absenteeism and so on. Firstly, trust can be built from the employee’s belief that since current organizational decisions are fair, future organizational decisions will be fair. In addition, a positive relationship between an employees and supervisors can lead to trust in the company (Karriker Williams 2009). According to (Hubbell Chory-Assad, 2005; Cohen-Charash Spector, 2001) procedural justice is the strongest related to trust in organisations. Secondly, work performance is also affected by organisational justice. Procedural justice affects performances as a result of its impact on employee attitudes. Distributive justice affects performances when efficiency and productivity are involved (Cohen-Charash Spector 2001). Thus, organisations need to improve the organisational justice in order to increase the productivities and performances. Karriker Williams (2009) also states that improving justice perceptions can improve productivity and performance. Thirdly, Job satisfaction and organizational commitment, (Al-Zu’bi 2010) declared that the greater of employee’s perceptions of justice result in higher levels of job satisfaction and greater injustice perception will result in lower levels of job satisfaction. Moreover, DeConick 2010; Cohen-Charash Spector (2001) argues that if employees feel the fairness in procedural justice within the organisation, it will result more commitment to the firm and vice versa. Fourthly, the organizational actions and decisions are perceived as more just, employees are more likely to engage in organisational citizenship behaviours (Karriker Williams 2009). Fifthly, the Counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs), there are many reasons that explain why organizational justice can affect CWBs. For example, increased judgments of procedural injustice can lead to employees’ unwillingness to comply with an organization’s rules because the relationship between perceived procedural injustice and CWBs could be mediated by perceived normative conflict, the extent to which individuals feel conflict between the norms of their workgroup and the policy of the organization (Cohen-Charash Spector 2001),. Finally, the Absenteeism and withdrawal of employees due to the perception of organisational justice, such as someone could not get onto a bonus or promotion is an example of a situation in which feelings of injustice may lead to absenteeism from work without reason. Furthermore, distributive justice perceptions are most strongly related to withdrawal in the company (Cohen-Charash Spector 2001). In addition, there are several motivational theories in the organization which relates to many different aspects. Yet, the author is only focuses on the Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory and Expectancy theory of motivation because these theories have involved in the problems in ABC consulting firm. 3. 2 Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory is a motivation theory of needs arranged in hierarchy, it use to motivate people of fulfil their needs from lower to higher. Maslow used the terms Physiological, Safety, Belongingness (Love), Esteem and Self-Actualization needs to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through (McShane et al. 2013). Physiological needs Physiological needs are the physical requirements for people survival in the workplace, if they are not satisfy with these needs, their body cannot function properly and will ultimately fail. Physiological needs of individuals are thought to be the most important; they should be met first in order to implement their tasks and function well in the organisations. For example, food, air, water, shelter, etc. Safety needs Every organisation needs to ensure that their employees are safe at work, with their physical needs relatively satisfied, the individuals safety needs take precedence and dominate behaviours. The safety and security needs comprise personal security, financial security, health and wellbeing security and Safety net against accidents/illness and their adverse impacts such as; working violence, natural disaster, job security, economic crisis, resources, morality, health etc. (Maslow 1954). Love and belongingness The company has fulfilled employees’ physiological and safety needs, they need to motivate their staffs with third level of human needs which is interpersonal and involves feelings of belongingness. According to Maslow (1943), people need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance among their social groups including small groups (intimate partners, mentors, colleagues, and confidants), and large groups (sport teams, professional organisations, clubs). Belongingness and loved are very important because there are many people become susceptible to loneliness, social anxiety, and clinical depression in the absence of this love or belonging element, Hence organisations should satisfy this type of need in order to motivate its employees. Esteem Every individual needs to feel respected; it contains the need to have self-esteem and self-respect. Esteem presents the typical people want to be accepted and valued by others. People are likely engaged in a profession or hobby to gain recognition and these activities give the individual a sense of contribution or value. Most people in the companies have a need for stable self-respect and self-esteem and these needs can be described in two versions. Maslow (1954) points out two versions of esteem needs: a lower version and a higher version. The need of respect from others people is lower version of esteem, such as a status, recognition, fame, prestige, and attention. The need for self-respect is higher version, for example, the person may have a need for strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence and freedom. Self-actualization This is the highest level of needs in order to motivate staffs of Maslow’s hierarchy needs theory. Maslow (1954) contends this level as the desire to accomplish everything that employees can, to become the most that people can be. Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example the self-actualization needs are morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving etc. Maslow also states that to understand this level of need, individuals must not only gain the previous needs, but they have to master them. In general, the lower-order of needs (physiological, safety, and love) and the higher-order (self-esteem and self-actualization) of needs are classified in Maslows hierarchy of needs is not universal and may different due to the cultures, individual differences and availability of resources in the region or geopolitical entity and country. On the other hand, Maslows hierarchy of needs fails to demonstrate and expand upon the differences between the intellectual and social needs of those raised in individualistic societies and collectivist societies. 3. 3 Expectancy theory Expectancy theory is a motivation theory based on the idea that people believe there are relationships between the efforts they put forth at work, the performances they achieve from those efforts, and the rewards they receive from their efforts and performances. In other words, people will be motivated if they believe that more effort will result to good performance and good performance will get the desired rewards (Fred 2011). According to Vroom (1964), (Chen ; Miller 1994) the expectancy theory contains three components as follows: Expectancy: Expectancy could be explained as the belief that strong or more effort will lead to better performances. This can be described by the thinking of if individuals work harder, they will make the outcomes better. However, in order to get better results individuals also need to have the correct resources available, the skills that are match with the job at hand, and having the necessary support to accomplish the job correctly. Instrumentality: Instrumentality can be described as the thought that if people perform well, then those people will get the value outcomes. Nevertheless, trust and respect for managers who make decisions on individuals deserve to receive what rewards, and see the transparency in the processes of who gets what rewards is something that help instrumentality is having a clear understanding of the relationship between performances and the outcomes. Valence: Valence means value and refers to beliefs about desired outcomes. There are individuals differences in the level of value associated with any specific outcomes. For instance, the bonus may not motivate employees if some one is motivated by increased status, promotion. Valence can be thought of as the pressure or significance that a individual puts on an expected outcomes. Vroom (1964) alleges that the force of motivation in an employee can be calculated using the formula: Motivation = Valence*Expectancy*Instrumentality Application of Expectancy Theory in the Workplace Organizational Applications: Expectancy Leaders need to have an ability to understand expectancy as related to the E-P linkage because it is very useful in the organisations. There are five different components for a manager to keep in mind concerning this linkage. First, a leader needs to design some challenging tasks for employees because unchallenging tasks can make employees feel boredom, frustration and marginal performance. Challenging objectives allow for self-confidence, education, ability development, training, skills and experience, among other things (Isaac et al. 2001). The next component is a leader must consider their staffs’ competencies because individuals differ on experience, knowledge, training, skill, and educational level etc. objectives need to be assigned based on the individuals level of abilities, if people feel they are not capable to finish the works assigned, the E-P linkage will be weak. A good leader needs to provide the necessary skills to the followers in order for them to be successful (Vroom 1964). Third, managers have to recognize that its employees differ greatly regarding their levels of self-esteem in regards to completing a task. Fourth, leaders need to determine and specify which are possible or impossible outcomes constitute acceptable performances. The leaders and its staffs both need to communicate and reach a mutual agreement on the behaviour that represents a successful outcome for each of them. Fifth, leaders need to recognize that expenditure of effort for many followers leads to satisfaction on the job (Brown Peterson 1994). Most of employees want to feel useful, competent, involved and productive. The workplace provides a vehicle to fulfil these needs. A manager that is aware of these different aspects of people perceptions, as they relate to expectancy, can effectively understand and facilitate the E-P linkage for each of their employees (Isaac et al. 2001). Managing these elements effectively can help a leader to strengthen the expectancy of each of their followers. The strengths and Weaknesses of Expectancy Theory Strengths Expectations are influenced by incentives and rewards, with clearly goals set, this will trigger a motivational process that can improve performances. According to Vroom (1964) an individual’s motivational force can be equated to the level of expectancy multiplied by the instrumentality multiplied by the valance. If any one of these factors is scored as a zero, then the motivational score will also be zero (Penn State World Campus 2011). This can easily be seen in situations where a people believe the amount of effort put on tasks will not result in the expected rewards, in situations where the level of performances will not yield the desired outcomes or that the rewards will not have the desired value as expected, the individual’s motivational level will be zero (Penn State World Campus 2011). On the other hand, when all the components of the equation are high, the motivational force will also be high (Penn State World Campus 2011). In general, by utilizing expectancy theory, companies must understand the importance of demonstrating appreciation for their employees works, and as a result, their employees will perform stronger, and show more loyalty towards the organizations. Weaknesses The weaknesses of between-subject design can be seen in the distinct of each person places on the effort, performance and value of rewards, because this design is quantitative, the comparisons between people are hard to measure. In addition, the applications of the theory in the organisations, in some companies’ the rewards some employees receive might not be seen as attractive as many people change their idea of desired rewards. What may have been a good incentive at one point in time may no longer hold its value to that individual anymore (Penn State World Campus 2011). Expectancy theory is only focusing on the extrinsic motivational factors and the conscious decisions employees make about their performances. Many managers and staffs are not motivated solely by extrinsic factors, such as a pay check, bonus, or public recognition. Consequences, the concept of instrumentality is found to be ambiguous and difficult to operationalise (Wabba ; House 1974). Therefore, it is hard for leaders in an organization to really understand what motivates their employees before attempting to utilize the expectancy theory model. 4- Solutions and suggestions 4. 1 Organisational Justice The case study Not as Easy as 1, 2, 3 has shown that ABC consulting firm has the problem with the fairness in the organisation. Hence, in order to improve and protect the fairness in ABC firm, the organisation should design procedures so they can be consistently, clearly applied to all employees and work groups. For example, have a structured performance review process so all workers are reviewed using consistent criteria. Furthermore, they must develop a policy about organisational justice system which includes procedural justice, distributive justice and interactional justice; like ABC firm needs to provide training and give instruction about the tasks for all new staffs, or provide tests of applicants’ knowledge, skills and experiences. Moreover, on the procedural fairness of recruitment processes, the manager and human director should not promise anything till the new staffs have finished their tasks. The state of Queensland (2012) also alleges that appoints or promotes workers based on performance, using valid and reliable selection and recruitment methods. Because if they promise something to the new employees and they could not receive it later, they will feel disappointed. It causes employees want to leave the organisation and it costs company more to do other recruitments; like George who had sent out job applications after he was refused to get onto the bonus system as his manager and human resource director promised him in the interview. Additionally, in order to maintain the relational fairness the manager needs to treat workers with respect, dignity and politeness at all times. George manager, Janet who should comment and response on his work more polite and respectful, Janet said â€Å"we thought you were a little more extroverted† and â€Å"the report had been ripped to shreds†. Besides, managers have to ensure that management structures across the organisation and reporting lines within work team are clear. This will help workers know who they are accountable to and where they can go for help with work problems, and Ensure workers have an up to date role or position description, which includes the role purpose, reporting relationships and the key duties expected of them. 4. 2 Stress George was so stressed and he could not concentrate on anything, there was simply too much to do, and he had not much time left to implement his report. Particularly, George was stress due to the way his manager Janet treated him, unclear expectations, urgent deadlines etc. Hence, In order to develop an effective stress management program in ABC consulting firm, first way is individual intervention. This starts off by monitoring the stressors in the individual, observes what are the reasons of the stress, next is attacking that stressor and try to develop the methods to alleviate them in any way. Developing social support is vital in individual intervention, being with others to help individual cope has proven to be a very effective way to avoid stress (BMJ group 2013). In addition, according to Lehrer et al. (2007) there are several ways the organization can change that employers and managers can make in order to reduce workplace stress, presented below. Develop work, health and safety program Provide training, ensuring all employees are understand Show that every employee are valued and useful Provide chances for career development Establish a zero-tolerance policy for harassment Clearly identify individual employees’ roles and duties Consult staffs about scheduling and work rules Make management actions consistent with organ

Shakespeares Macbeth - A Tragic Hero :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: A Tragic Hero         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Macbeth character in Macbeth by William Shakespeare can be played many ways.   Macbeth's relationship with other characters in the play and Aristotle's theory of a tragedy are ways in which Macbeth is shown as a tragic hero.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the very beginning of the play, Macbeth and Banquo are returning to Scotland from a fierce battle between the Norwegians and the Scottish. They have just won the war for Duncan.   This shows a noble virtue of Macbeth, a requirement of a tragic hero according to Aristotle.   It shows that Macbeth is a loyal person to the King and that he is a great warrior. As they are returning to Scotland, three witches appear and make prophecies about Macbeth and Banquo.   The three witches say â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, thane of Glamis!   All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, thane of Cawdor!   All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!† (A 1, S 3, 48). Here, Macbeth is interested in what the witches have to say, but he does not really believe them.   A few minutes later, Ross enters.   He tells Macbeth that the thane of Cawdor is in line for death and that Duncan has named Macbeth the new thane of Cawdor.   Now, Macbeth is absolutely shocked. The witches prophecy has come true!   He can not believe it!   But now Macbeth has a lot more on his mind; the third prophecy about becoming the King.   Macbeth knows that if something were to happen to Duncan, Malcolm and Donalbain, Duncan's sons, would be the rightful heirs to the throne. How can Macbeth be King when he is nowhere near the next in line to the throne?   Another requirement for a tragic hero is that he must have a tragic flaw.   Macbeth's tragic flaw is that of ambition; Macbeth's ambition will cause him to decline.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At this point, Lady Macbeth knows all about the witches prophecies. She really wants to be Queen of Scotland so she encourages Macbeth to do what he has to do to get rid of Duncan.   Lady Macbeth is putting an enormous amount of influence on Macbeth.   He thinks that Duncan is a great King and he considers Duncan to be a good friend.   Finally Macbeth gives in to Lady Macbeth and decides that he will kill Duncan while he is visiting Macbeth's castle that same night.   That night, Macbeth kills Duncan. However, afterwards, Macbeth is feeling very sorry for himself.   He can not believe what he has just done.   His ambition has caused him to kill a good friend and even worse, the King!   Here, Macbeth is going crazy.

Jane Loevinger’s stages of ego development Essay

I have done much research of theories on; stages of life, stages in life, how and why, we all got to be how we are. Of course, I have my own theory, which is because and in reference to; all the research I had done. However, I want to state that I most agree with; Jane Loevinger’s philosophy, that; â€Å"this sense of the ego or â€Å"I† as an active interpreter of experience—changes in significant ways over the course of human life. Loevinger’s model of ego development charts those changes over time.† Jane Loevinger had her own theory of stages that human beings go through in becoming who they are; hers begs to differ in the sense of; it is all how we categorize what we have learned in life; Loevinger tells us how we organize (in our mind) those contents I-2 Impulsive- Impulsive Egocentric, dependent Bodily feelings Delta Self-protective Opportunistic Manipulative, wary â€Å"Trouble,† control I-3 Conformist- Respect for rules Cooperative, loyal Appearances, behavior I-3/4 Conscientious- Exceptions allowable Helpful, self-aware Feelings, problems, adjustment Conformist. I-4 Conscientious- Self-evaluated Intense, responsible Motives, traits, achievement standards, self-critical. I-4/5 Individualistic- Tolerant Mutual Individuality, development, roles. I-5 Autonomous- Coping with conflict Interdependent Self-fulfillment, psychological causation. I-6 Integrated- Cherishing individuality Identity. In going over the table in layman’s terms, I think it is obvious that she is describing; growing up in general, and what would be helpful and healthy for a person to experience. The table does not list 1-1, which I believe that is because it would be what one views (optical) as a baby, before one can verbalize or think in any cognitive way. She starts with Impulse control, which is agreeable, because no one has morals/values, and/or any sense of right/wrong, at the beginning of his or her lives. She also mentions; manipulative in this category, which is also agreeable because a person will be manipulative at a young age in trying to gain control, which I think leads us into the second category of; conformist. I believe that is agreeable also, for one is learning to conform without manipulation, (because of the earlier manipulation), in learning their own  assertive control and what they have decided they like. Next, Conscientious – Individualistic, is people becoming aware of everything, especially other people around them and how they are different. They are learning to be patient and understand that each is different, at first they realize they must tolerate others, then, going into autonomous, they more than tolerate differences, they also accept them. The final stage is; Integrated, which to me is; self-satisfaction, in the knowing that one knows life and understands it. They accept all that they are, their purpose, and everyone else’s purpose. They understand each person has a role in this world and are now more than accepting of it; they are; grateful. It is feeling of understanding. Their mind, body and soul is satisfied.

Analysis of Discretionary Fiscal Policy Essay - 699 Words

During discretionary fiscal policy the government spends and taxes to change the economy during a particular problem. Both Congress and the president have to take action when they agree that the economy is in need. When they do this they are trying to simulate the economy during a time of recession. Economists thought discretionary fiscal policy would eliminate the instability of the recession, however most had given up on the idea by 1980. The most noticeable discretionary fiscal policy is the discretionary budget. These are the expenditures calculated in the United States budget that are within the appropriations bills. These are negotiated between Congress and the president each year. This includes almost all the spending in the†¦show more content†¦There are three types of lags recognition lag, administrative lag, and operational lag. From those lags you must determine if they were an attribute to the failure. Each lag takes time to notice. Recognition lag measures the state of the economy. This is a resultant from GDP because its not measured neither quick enough nor easily found. During administrative lag the president and Congress agree on a course of action. Two legislative bodies must agree and then agree with the president. Congress doesn’t solve problems without any disagreement, and eventually over a period of time they will agree. The last type of lag is operational lag, this takes time to n otice the full impact of a government program or tax change to have the effect on the economy. This offers the final block and even if both the president, and Congress agree on time it still takes time for discretionary fiscal policy to have an effect. The next part of the three fold is that failures can be a result from political motivations that overwhelm some economic reasons. Finally, the third part of the three-fold deals with the immediate counter-effects of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply, which this could either eliminate the positive intent of the policies either partially or completely. Policy makers noticed in the 1970s that discretionary fiscal policy couldn’t stabilize the economy. â€Å"The lags were just too important to ignore, and the recession to be recognized, laws toShow MoreRelatedFiscal Policy And Fiscal Policies838 Words   |  4 Pagesactive fiscal policy† (CNBC) in order to have its economy back on the reasonable range. Fiscal policy affects aggregate demand depending on the government’s spending and taxation. Thus, if the government decides to make changes in its taxation such as discounting corporate taxes, the aggregate demand curve will shift. In addition to that, money spent on public services and welfares will increase government spending which will affect aggregate demand as well. 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